To do any job accurately and expediently,a designer in just have the proper tools.Tools are important in all work -whether it be surgery or carpentry,designing or drafting.Quality tools and equipment will also make drawing and drafting more enjoyable.Investing in good equipment for designing and drafting can benefit both students and professionals.
The advent of computer-aided design and drafting,commonly referred to as CAD,has reduced the need for much of the basic equipment described in the following pages.However,many students and professionals still prefer to draw manually in some situations,such as sketching initial design concepts or construction details.To this end,basic manual equipment and techniques are described in the next few chapters.
A designer or drafts person need not buy every However piece of new equipment or software available.However,one should buy a new product if it will improve one's work,both in quality and efficiency.Manufacturers of often produce a range of models varying quality.One can decide which model will produce the best effects in relation to the purchase price- sometimes not the top-of-the-line model.One should purchase price- sometimes not the top-of-the-line model. One should purchase tools and equipment of good quality.as they are an investment that will pay off throughout one's career.
Drawing Tables and Surfaces :-
To produce quality drawings for interior design projects.it is necessary to established a dedicated workplace.Designs can be drawn manually an a drawing board set on a tabletop surface,an a handmade drafting table,or an a ready-made drafting table.Or they can be drawn using computer drafting hardware and software that augments a drawing board or replaces it totally.In this chapter,commonly used manual drafting tables,equipment and tools are discussed.Computer drawing and drafting are discussed in more detail in chapter 16.
For interior designer, a fairly large layout and drawing surface is needed most of the time.It is vital to have a drawing surface that will hold large presentation boards and standard sheets up to 24 x 36 inches (731 x 914 mm).Even larger sheets may be necessary for perspective drawings and full-size furniture drawings. A drawing board or table approximately 30 x 50 inches a(.762 x 1.27 m ) should be obtained if possible. This will allow adequate space around the actual drawing sheet to place and maneuver the drawing tools and materials.
Ready-made drafting tables are manufactured in a wide variety of shapes,sizes,materials,and prices.Some styles have an adjustable top and rest on four legs.Other models have a single or double pedestal base with a top that can be raised or lowered according to the chair or stool height.This enables drafters to sit in a chair with a comfortable back and thus to work with less fatigue.The newer models also allows the drafter to work whether sitting or standing space -saving folding tables are also produced,although they are not generally as sturdy as the fixed models.
Manufacture tables have drawing surfaces that range in size from 30 x 48 inches (762 x 1.21 mm) to 30 x 60 inches (7.62 x 1.52 m) and are usually made of wood or hardboard over a cellular core.However,a wood drawing surface can become scored and grooved over time,which affects the drawing quality of the surface.It is best to cover the bare wood top with a protective finish such as plastic melamine or a vinyl drawing-board cover that gives a bit of resiliency and is easy to keep clean.The latter covering is often produced with an off-while and a colored side.Which side to leave face up is left to the individual.
Drawing-board and table surfaces do not have to be manufactured,as a self-made surface can also be satisfactory and less expensive,For example,a hollow-core,flush door can be supported on blocks or handmade legs made of 2x4 number with metal brackets.However height and angle that suits individual work habits must first be determined,as this type of drawing area will be fixed and not adjustable.
Drawing Papers and plastic Firm:
Interior design drawings can be produced on paper or plastic film.The quality of paper or film will help determine the quality of lifework. A variety of papers and plastic films are manufactured today in many standard sheets sizes and rolls.The choice of which to use is dependent upon the designer's overall intent,office standards,and the intended method selected for making a copy from the original.
Papers:
Drafting papers are made in a large variety of types,base on stability,translucency,permanence,strength and cost.There are two basic categories; opaque and translucent.Opaque papers are thicker than translucent ones and cannot be reproduced through methods such as the diazo printing process Therefore,they are not suitable for instruction drawings that are to be copied in this manner.They are more suitable for plotting directly from a computer (in a single sheets or rolls) and for concept and presentation drawings,as they are available in a variety of colors ranging from while to gray,cream,green,and blue.Some opaque papers are made smooth on one side and rough on the other.The smooth side is more appropriate for linking and the rough side for pencil drawings.Most papers will accept ink or pencil.However,the quality of their application and possible bleed-through varies according to the composition of the paper and its thickness.
Translucent papers,such as tracing paper and vellum,are used for drawing that are to be reproduced through the dizao process.However,they can also be reproduced photo-statically.Tracing paper is generally a natural,untreated translucent paper.It is used primarily for exploratory ideas and sketches.It is commonly sold in inexpensive rolls (in white or yellow shades) and called "tracing." "trash" "flimsy," or "bum wad."It is fairy strong and durable,but not as transparent as vellum's,and will not produce line work as crisp and clear vellum.
Vellum is a translucent tracing paper that is treated to improve strength,surface texture, and transparency. Vellum also have a high rag content that gives them strength so they can withstand erasing.Vellum is sold in rolls or standard sheet sizes and can be used for hand or computer drafting. Standard sheet sizes for architectural drawings are shown in table.
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